Slang Words

Hari ini saya akan tambahkan beberapa ungkapan slang…

She’s so beautiful that I would walk over a mile of broken glass : Dia begitu cantiknya sampai mau rasanya aku berjalan di atas pecahan kaca/Dia sangat cantik sehingga aku mau deh berbuat apa saja untuknya.

Untuk maksud yang sama, kita bisa gunakan expresi ini:

• She’s not half bad. : Dia tidak begitu buruk
• I’d give my right arm for her. : Saya mau lakuin apa aja buat dia 
• I’d do anything for her
• She is cute.
• She’s gorgeous.
• She is prime meat. : Dia daging segar/dia sesuatu yang sangat berharga, maksudnya saking berharganya sampai mau lakuin apa saja untuknya.
• I’ll keep my fingers crossed : saya doakan semoga berhasil
• He’s crazy about her : dia tergila-gila padanya.
• You look like shit / in grey : Kamu kusut banget / kamu muram aja.
• I catch someone red-handed : Saya menangkap basah seseorang
• Rob someone blind : Merampok seseorang habis-habisan / membabi buta / menguras seluruh harta korban / tak pandang bulu.
• Have punch-up with some one : berkelahi dengan seseorang.
• I am screwed : Saya benar-benar kacau.
• Life is a bitch / Life sucks and then you die :Hidup memang tidak mudah

Gerund

Kali ini kita akan membahas tentang GERUND. Apa sih GERUND itu?

GERUNDS atau VERBALS atau VERBAL NOUNS adalah kata kerja yang berbentuk -ing yang berfungsi sebagai kata benda, misalnya swimming, eating, fishing, shopping, dancing, hunting atau smoking.
Bentuk Gerund itu sama seperti Present Participle, dan keduanya merupakan bagian dari kata kerja. Bedanya, Gerund  berfungsi sebagai kata benda, sedangkan Present Participle berfungsi sebagai kata sifat.

Apa sih fungsi  Gerund?  Gerund merupakan sejenis kata benda, maka ia dapat berfungsi sebagai:

1. Subject
Gerund sebagai subjek pokok kalimat, contoh:
- Sleeping is necassary to life.- Your singing is very beautiful.
- Studying needs time and patience.
- Playing game is fun.
- Smoking is not good for our health .

2. Subjective Complement
Gerund sebagai pelengkap subjek dalam kalimat biasanya selalu didahului to be yang terletak di antara subject dan subjective complement, contoh:
- My chief delight is dancing.- My favorite activity is reading.
- My hobby is cooking.

3. Direct Object
Gerund sebagai objek langsung dalam kalimat, contoh:
- I enjoy studying English.- She likes traveling.
- Thank you for your coming.
- I hate swimming.

4. Object of Preposition
Gerund sebagai objek preposisi yang terletak setelah preposisi. Preposisi yang sering dipakai adalah of, on, no, with, without, at for, after, before, because of, to, like, about, for, by, in.
Contoh:
- He is tired of gambling.- I am fond of eating bakso.
- He insisted on seeing her.
- I have no objection to hearing your story.
- You will not be clever without studying.
- Tuty is clever at teaching English.
- In sleeping I met you in the park.

Untuk lebih jelasnya, coba kerjakan latihan di bawah ini:

Supply gerund form of the verb shown in parentheses.

1.      Did you enjoy ……….(travel) to Bandung last holiday?

2.      You should stop ……….(smoke).

3.      I am tired of ………..(wait) for him.

4.      We will appreciate ……….(accept) your true answer.

5.      Do you mind ………..(call) me after ………(go) home?

Complete the following sentences using gerund in your own words.

For example: They are interested in …………..

They are interested in learning English

1.      Thank you for ……….

2.      Do you mind ………..

3.      we congratulated him on ………

4.      They are thinking of …………

5.      ………. is necessary in my life.

Nah, coba kerjakan latihan di atas, kemudian coba buat kalimat sendiri sebanyak-banyaknya. Semoga membantu ya?

You've got to be kidding me!

Someday I watched a movie the titled “Hansel and Gretel the witches’ hunters 3D” and I found idiom,

Gretel: [upon seeing the abandoned candy house from childhood] You must be fucking kidding me?

(http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/hansel_and_gretel_witch_hunters/quotes/)

I wondered to know what the meaning in Indonesian. So I am looking for the meaning of that idiom. 
I have found the best answers;

It mean's ''you must be lying to me'' as in telling a joke or fooling someone.

It can also be a more dramatic way to say ''really?'' when the person is shocked by what they're being told.

situation:

Jane: "John drove his new car into a tree."

Susan: ''You've got to be kidding me!''

situation 2:

Jane: "John drove his new car into a tree."

Susan: "Really?!"

It's like saying "you can't be serious." It's something a person says when they're in disbelief.

(https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100703012410AAXUNU7)

“Get up” vs. “wake up” [closed]

(http://interactiveesl.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/wake-up-and-get-up2.png)

Sometimes there is a question,

“I am not a native English speaker. When I get up late in the morning, I get to inform my office that I am late for that particular day. And I am always confused if I should use "I just got up" or "I just woke up". Which one is it?”

Yeah as a non native speaker sometimes we still confuse about that phrasal verbs because the phrasal verbs is really close in Indonesian language, both of them in Indonesian mean “Bangun,” but we need to know and learn when the phrasal verb will be appropriate to use in our English sentence.

According to what I know when we wanna use "wake up" it means like when we opened our eyes from our dream, it doesn't matter you have getting up or not from the bed. But when we use "get up" it's mean you not lying/sitting any more. So, “wake up” is stop to sleeping and “get up” is to arise from bed or rise to one's feet). When people wake up, they get up. However, sometimes people just stay in bed. See this dialogue;

Person A: 'When did you get up this morning?'

Person B: 'I got up at 11.'

Person A: 'You slept at 11 last night. So you slept for 12 hours?'

Person B: 'No. I actually woke up at 9, but I just stayed in bed.'

http://www.talkenglish.com/LessonDetails.aspx?ALID=841

And when you would ask someone when they woke up, you have to say “When did you wake up?” it’s incorrect when you said “When did you woke up?” Because the word woke up is referring to the past. It’s same with when we want to ask “When did you get up?” it’s incorrect when you said “When did you got up?”

Verbs and Verbals

Definitions

Verbs carry the idea of being or action in the sentence.

• I am a student.
• The students passed all their courses.

As we will see on this page, verbs are classified in many ways. First, some verbs require an object to complete their meaning: "She gave _____ ?" Gave what? She gave money to the church. These verbs are called transitive. Verbs that are intransitive do not require objects: "The building collapsed." In English, you cannot tell the difference between a transitive and intransitive verb by its form; you have to see how the verb is functioning within the sentence. In fact, a verb can be both transitive and intransitive: "The monster collapsed the building by sitting on it."

Although you will seldom hear the term, a ditransitive verb — such as cause or give — is one that can take a direct object and an indirect object at the same time: "That horrid music gave me a headache." Ditransitive verbs are slightly different, then, from factitive verbs (see below), in that the latter take two objects.

Verbs are also classified as either finite or non-finite. A finite verb makes an assertion or expresses a state of being and can stand by itself as the main verb of a sentence.

• The truck demolished the restaurant.
• The leaves were yellow and sickly.

Non-finite verbs (think "unfinished") cannot, by themselves, be main verbs:

• The broken window . . .
• The wheezing gentleman . . .

Another, more useful term for non-finite verb is verbal. In this section, we discuss various verbal forms: infinitives, gerunds, and participles.

For WebCT Users

The "-s" Problem Icon means that the verb requires an -s ending because it's a third-person (he/she/it) verb in the present tense. See the Table of Verb Tenses for help in identifying present tenses requiring the -s.

The "-ed" Problem Icon probably means that the verb requires an -ed ending because it's in the past tense or that an -ed ending has been used inappropriately. The -ed ending is particularly problematic when it occurs just before a "d" or "t" sound as in "We are used to doing things the way we're supposed to: like in the old-fashioned days." See the Table of Verb Tenses for help in identifying past tenses requiring the -ed.

The "Verb" Problem Icon probably means that the verb tenses in this sentence are inconsistent or incorrect. See the section on Sequencing for help in using the correct sequence of verb tenses. See the section on Consistency for help in maintaining a proper consistency in verb tense.

Four Verb Forms

The inflections (endings) of English verb forms are not difficult to remember. There are only four basic forms. Instead of forming complex tense forms with endings, English uses auxiliary verb forms. English does not even have a proper ending for future forms; instead, we use auxiliaries such as "I am going to read this afternoon." or "I will read." or even "I am reading this book tomorrow." It would be useful, however, to learn these four basic forms of verb construction.

Name of verb	Base form	Past form	Present participle	Past participle
to work	I can work. I work.	I worked.	I am working.	I have worked.
to write	I can write. I write.	I wrote.	I am writing.	I have written.

Linking Verbs

A linking verb connects a subject and its complement. Sometimes called copulas, linking verbs are often forms of the verb to be, but are sometimes verbs related to the five senses (look, sound, smell, feel, taste) and sometimes verbs that somehow reflect a state of being (appear, seem, become, grow, turn, prove, remain). What follows the linking verb will be either a noun complement or an adjective complement:

• Those people are all professors.
• Those professors are brilliant.
• This room smells bad.
• I feel great.
• A victory today seems unlikely.

A handful of verbs that reflect a change in state of being are sometimes called resulting copulas. They, too, link a subject to a predicate adjective:

• His face turned purple.
• She became older.
• The dogs ran wild.
• The milk has gone sour.
• The crowd grew ugly.

"This is he."

A Frequently Asked Question about linking verbs concerns the correct response when you pick up the phone and someone asks for you. One correct response would be "This is he [she]." The predicate following the linking verb should be in the nominative (subject) form — definitely not "This is him." If "This is he" sounds stuffy to you, try using "Speaking," instead, or "This is Fred," substituting your own name for Fred's — unless it's a bill collector or telemarketer calling, in which case "This is Fred" is a good response for everyone except people named Fred.

Sourches: http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/verbs.htm

Predicates

 

(http://englishwell.info/uploads/taginator/Dec-2012/subject-and-predicate.jpg)
A predicate is the completer of a sentence. The subject names the "do-er" or "be-er" of the sentence; the predicate does the rest of the work. A simple predicate consists of only a verb, verb string, or compound verb:

• The glacier melted.
• The glacier has been melting.
• The glacier melted, broke apart, and slipped into the sea.

A compound predicate consists of two (or more) such predicates connected:

• The glacier began to slip down the mountainside and eventually crushed some of the village's outlying buildings.

A complete predicate consists of the verb and all accompanying modifiers and other words that receive the action of a transitive verb or complete its meaning. The following description of predicates comes from The Longman Handbook for Writers and Readers (examples our own):

With an intransitive verb, objects and complements are included in the predicate. (The glacier is melting.) With a transitive verb, objects and object complements are said to be part of the predicate. (The slow moving glacier wiped out an entire forest. It gave the villagers a lot of problems.) With a linking verb, the subject is connected to a subject complement. (The mayor doesn't feel good.)

A predicate adjective follows a linking verb and tells us something about the subject:

• Ramonita is beautiful.
• His behavior has been outrageous.
• That garbage on the street smells bad.

A predicate nominative follows a linking verb and tells us what the subject is:

• Dr. Couchworthy is acting president of the university.
• She used to be the tallest girl on the team.

 Sourches: http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/objects.htm

Direct and Indirect Objects

(tx.english-ch.com)
A direct object is the receiver of action within a sentence, as in "He hit the ball." Be careful to distinguish between a direct object and an object complement:

• They named their daughter Natasha.

In that sentence, "daughter" is the direct object and "Natasha" is the object complement, which renames or describes the direct object.

The indirect object identifies to or for whom or what the action of the verb is performed. The direct object and indirect object are different people or places or things. The direct objects in the sentences below are in boldface; the indirect objects are in italics.

• The instructor gave his students A's.
• Grandfather left Rosalita and Raoul all his money.
• Jo-Bob sold me her boat.

Incidentally, the word me (and similar object-form pronouns such as him, us, them) is not always an indirect object; it will also serve, sometimes, as a direct object.

• Bless me/her/us!
• Call me/him/them if you have questions.

In English, nouns and their accompanying modifiers (articles and adjectives) do not change form when they are used as objects or indirect objects, as they do in many other languages. "The radio is on the desk" and "I borrowed the radio" contain exactly the same word form used for quite different functions. This is not true of pronouns, however, which use different forms for different functions. (He [subject] loves his grandmother. His grandmother loves him [object].) (See, also, pronoun cases.)

sourches: http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/objects.htm

Passive and Active Voices

 
Verbs are also said to be either active (The executive committee approved the new policy) or passive (The new policy was approved by the executive committee) in voice. In the active voice, the subject and verb relationship is straightforward: the subject is a be-er or a do-er and the verb moves the sentence along. In the passive voice, the subject of the sentence is neither a do-er or a be-er, but is acted upon by some other agent or by something unnamed (The new policy was approved). Computerized grammar checkers can pick out a passive voice construction from miles away and ask you to revise it to a more active construction. There is nothing inherently wrong with the passive voice, but if you can say the same thing in the active mode, do so (see exceptions below). Your text will have more pizzazz as a result, since passive verb constructions tend to lie about in their pajamas and avoid actual work.

We find an overabundance of the passive voice in sentences created by self-protective business interests, magniloquent educators, and bombastic military writers (who must get weary of this accusation), who use the passive voice to avoid responsibility for actions taken. Thus "Cigarette ads were designed to appeal especially to children" places the burden on the ads — as opposed to "We designed the cigarette ads to appeal especially to children," in which "we" accepts responsibility. At a White House press briefing we might hear that "The President was advised that certain members of Congress were being audited" rather than "The Head of the Internal Revenue service advised the President that her agency was auditing certain members of Congress" because the passive construction avoids responsibility for advising and for auditing. One further caution about the passive voice: we should not mix active and passive constructions in the same sentence: "The executive committee approved the new policy, and the calendar for next year's meetings was revised" should be recast as "The executive committee approved the new policy and revised the calendar for next year's meeting."

Take the quiz (below) as an exercise in recognizing and changing passive verbs.

The passive voice does exist for a reason, however, and its presence is not always to be despised. The passive is particularly useful (even recommended) in two situations:

• When it is more important to draw our attention to the person or thing acted upon: The unidentified victim was apparently struck during the early morning hours.
• When the actor in the situation is not important: The aurora borealis can be observed in the early morning hours.

The passive voice is especially helpful (and even regarded as mandatory) in scientific or technical writing or lab reports, where the actor is not really important but the process or principle being described is of ultimate importance. Instead of writing "I poured 20 cc of acid into the beaker," we would write "Twenty cc of acid is/was poured into the beaker." The passive voice is also useful when describing, say, a mechanical process in which the details of process are much more important than anyone's taking responsibility for the action: "The first coat of primer paint is applied immediately after the acid rinse."

We use the passive voice to good effect in a paragraph in which we wish to shift emphasis from what was the object in a first sentence to what becomes the subject in subsequent sentences.

The executive committee approved an entirely new policy for dealing with academic suspension and withdrawal. The policy had been written by a subcommittee on student behavior. If students withdraw from course work before suspension can take effect, the policy states, a mark of "IW" . . . .

The paragraph is clearly about this new policy so it is appropriate that policy move from being the object in the first sentence to being the subject of the second sentence. The passive voice allows for this transition.†

Passive Verb Formation

The passive forms of a verb are created by combining a form of the "to be verb" with the past participle of the main verb. Other helping verbs are also sometimes present: "The measure could have been killed in committee." The passive can be used, also, in various tenses. Let's take a look at the passive forms of "design."

Tense	Subject	Auxiliary		Past Participle
		Singular	Plural
Present	The car/cars	is	are	designed.
Present perfect	The car/cars	has been	have been	designed.
Past	The car/cars	was	were	designed.
Past perfect	The car/cars	had been	had been	designed.
Future	The car/cars	will be	will be	designed.
Future perfect	The car/cars	will have been	will have been	designed.
Present progressive	The car/cars	is being	are being	designed.
Past progressive	The car/cars	was being	were being	designed.

A sentence cast in the passive voice will not always include an agent of the action. For instance if a gorilla crushes a tin can, we could say "The tin can was crushed by the gorilla." But a perfectly good sentence would leave out the gorilla: "The tin can was crushed." Also, when an active sentence with an indirect object is recast in the passive, the indirect object can take on the role of subject in the passive sentence:

Active	Professor Villa gave Jorge an A.
Passive	An A was given to Jorge by Professor Villa.
Passive	Jorge was given an A.

Only transitive verbs (those that take objects) can be transformed into passive constructions. Furthermore, active sentences containing certain verbs cannot be transformed into passive structures. To have is the most important of these verbs. We can say "He has a new car," but we cannot say "A new car is had by him." We can say "Josefina lacked finesse," but we cannot say "Finesse was lacked." Here is a brief list of such verbs*:

resemble	look like	equal	agree with
mean	contain	hold	comprise
lack	suit	fit	become

Verbals in Passive Structures

Verbals or verb forms can also take on features of the passive voice. An infinitive phrase in the passive voice, for instance, can perform various functions within a sentence (just like the active forms of the infinitive).

• Subject: To be elected by my peers is a great honor.
• Object: That child really likes to be read to by her mother.
• Modifier: Grasso was the first woman to be elected governor in her own right.

The same is true of passive gerunds.

• Subject: Being elected by my peers was a great thrill.
• Object: I really don't like being lectured to by my boss.
• Object of preposition: I am so tired of being lectured to by my boss.

With passive participles, part of the passive construction is often omitted, the result being a simple modifying participial phrase.

• [Having been] designed for off-road performance, the Pathseeker does not always behave well on paved highways.

 contoh soal

Revising Passive Constructions

Directions: Rewrite the following sentences in the text-areas provided so that passive constructions have been changed to active verbs. WARNING! Some of these sentences do not use passive verbs or are better off left in the passive, so this exercise will also engage your attention in recognizing passive constructions and in using them when appropriate.

1. Before the semester was over, the new nursing program had been approved by the Curriculum Committee and the Board of Trustees.
2. With five seconds left in the game, an illegal time-out was called by one of the players.
3. Later in the day, the employees were informed of their loss of benefits by the boss herself.  
4. The major points of the lesson were quickly learned by the class, but they were also quickly forgotten by them.
5. For several years, Chauncey was raised by his elderly grandmother.
6. An unexpected tornado smashed several homes and uprooted trees in a suburb of Knoxville.
7. I was surprised by the teacher's lack of sympathy.
8. "The Yellow Wallpaper" was written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman.
9. Participants in the survey were asked about their changes in political affiliation.
10. Tall buildings and mountain roads were avoided by Raoul because he had such a fear of heights.

Untuk jawaban silahkan hubungi langsung datangi websitenya di:

http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/quizzes/passive_quiz.htm

sourches: http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/passive.htm 

Passive voice

Time	Tense	Formula	E.g. :
PRESENT	Simple Present Tense	S + IS/AM/ARE + V 3	I am called by the teacher Mimy is bitten by a little dog The house is sold by the owner.
	Present Continuous Tense	S + AM/IS/ARE + BEING + V 3	I am being called by the teacher Mimy is being bitten by a little dog The house is being sold by the owner.
	Present Perfect Tense	S + HAVE/HAS + BEEN + V 3	I have been called by the teacher Mimy has been bitten by a little dog The house has been sold by the owner.
	Present Perfect Continuous Tense	S + HAS/HAVE + BEEN + BEING + V 3	I have been being called by the teacher Mimy has been being bitten by a little dog The house has been being sold by the owner.
PAST	Simple Past Tense	S + WAS/WERE + V 3	We were called by the teacher Mimy was bitten by a little dog The house was sold by the owner.
	Past Continuous Tense	S + WAS/WERE + BEING + V 3	We were being called by the teacher Mimy was being bitten by a little dog The house was being sold by the owner.
	Past Perfect Tense	S + HAD + BEEN + V 3	I had been called by the teacher Mimy had been bitten by a little dog The house had been sold by the owner.
	Past Perfect Continuous Tense	S + HAD + BEEN + BEING + V 3	I had been being called by the teacher Mimy had been being bitten by a little dog The house had been being sold by the owner.
FUTURE	Simple Future Tense	S + WILL + BE + V 3	I will be called by the teacher Mimy will be bitten by a little dog The house will be sold by the owner.
	Future Continuous Tense	S + WILL + BE + BEING + V 3	I will be being called by the teacher Mimy will be being bitten by a little dog The house will be being sold by the owner.
	Future Perfect Tense	S + WILL + HAVE + BEEN + V 3	I will have been called by the teacher Mimy will have been bitten by a little dog The house will have been sold by the owner.
	Future Perfect Continuous Tense	S + WILL + HAVE + BEEN +BEING + V 3	I will have been being called by the teacher Mimy will have been being bitten by a little dog The house will have been being sold by the owner.